Saturday, April 26, 2014

Forest and Grasslands Lab
A.      Your textbook lists seven ecological services of forests. List these along with three more you can find in this video or elsewhere. They can be subsets of the “main” ones.
Support energy flow and chemical cycling, Reduce soil erosion, Absorb and release water, Purify water and air, Influence local and regional climate, Store atmospheric carbon and provide numerous wildlife habitats.  Also: Provide wildlife and humans with food, Create nutrients and seeds for plants growth and Create nutrients and seeds for plant growth.
B.       Why is an International Day of the forest important to recognize?                 
International Day of the forest is important day because in celebrates and raises awareness of the importance of all types of forests. Countries are encouraged to undertake local, national and international efforts to organize activities involving forest and trees.
C.       Name two groups involved in the preservations of forests.                                                           
American forests and Rainforest action network
Wild Earth Guardians
A.      List the characteristics and ecological values of wilderness.                                                           
Wilderness characteristics provide a range of uses and benefits in addition to their value as settings for solitude or primitive and unconfined recreation.
Air and Water filtration, Climate regulation and Maintenance of Biodiversity
B.       Name and describe two things in this document that “speck” to you. By this I mean they touched your emotions in some way. Why do you think you responded in this way?    I have always loved animals so hearing about they being killed off because of things that people have done but it’s also nice that there are people out there that really care about persevering our world. These two touched me because one side some people really just don’t care what they are hurting and on the other side there are real humans out there. Sometimes it’s really hard to see the real and passionate side of people and it’s good to see that there are people out there.   
C.       Name two groups involved in preservation of wilderness.
National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife service and Bureau of Land Management.
D.      If you are interested in helping in this effort, what can you do? I already off ways to help by collecting cans and also doing paperless billing, it’s also helped with getting my bills sooner because the mail service can be a real pain in the butt at times. I think a huge thing people should do is cut the can holding things I don’t like buying 6 packs because of that. I saw a picture of a turtle and just seeing that I was done.
The land of Mountaintop Removal
A.      What is the impact on people living in the areas where this takes place. Do a little research and describe.                                                                                                                                             
The impact on people living in these areas is people having to leave because the dumping of the non wanted earth somewhere so that’s affecting people and also it’s affecting the water resources. They can’t live somewhere that they can’t get good water and it can be harmful for them.
B.       Name and describe two things in things in this video that “speak” to you. By this I mean they touched your emotions in some way. Why do you think you responded in this way?                                            
Two things that made me really sad were people having to leave there homes because they are being invaded by unwanted earth and then the water resources are being affected and that can be very harmful for people. Another sad thing is wildlife being destroyed because of the removing of the mountains.
C.       Name two groups involved in preservation of mountaintops.                                        
Mountain Area Preservation and Natural Resources defense council
D.      If you are interested in helping in this effort, what can you do?                                                     
Join one of these groups and signing their petitions, just your signing a paper can go a long way.
Avatar Grove Making a Stand
A.      List the characteristics and ecological values of old growth forests.                                                               
Old growth forests are important because they included diverse of tree structures that provide for wildlife habitat that increases the bio diversity of the forested ecosystem. Old growth forests are exceedingly ecologically important, and have a biologically diverse and often home to rare, threatened and endangered species of both plants and animals.
B.       Name and describe two things in this video that “speak” to you. By this I mean they touched your emotions in some way. Why do you think you responded in this way?
One thing that truly made me sad was that 73% of the forest has already been destroyed, don’t get how people can think this is okay. That’s why we have a lot of endangered animals because they find these places as homes. The second thing is seeing the clearness of the forest that’s truly sad but it’s good they have people out there trying to save this place. It truly looks amazing if it was full of trees it would probably be the most beautiful place.
C.       Name two groups involved in preservation of the Avatar Grove.                                                  
Ancient Forest Alliance and Port Renfrew Chamber of Commerce
D.      If you are interested in helping in this effort, what can you do?                                                     
If someone wants to help they can sign petitions or send money to these people that are trying to save the forest.
Climate, Trees, and Legacy    
A.      Describe assisted migration and why Connie and others feel it is so important.                            
Assisted Migration is the act of deliberately helping plant and animal’s species colonize new habitats   when driven out their historical habitats due to rapid environmental change. Connie and others feel like this is important because certain species will not be able to survive because of the climate change, the animals have diminished that previously dispersed their seeds, as well as cities and roads block the ability for the seeds to grow.
B.       Name and describe two things in this video that “speak” to you. By this I mean they touched your emotions in some way. Why do you think you responded in this way?                                                                            
A huge thing that spoke to me is that hearing how much climate change affects the trees and how some can’t adapt to the weather so they become diseased. Normally these diseases can be fought but because the climate changes they can’t. Another thing that made me that I found interesting was she said trees can’t move like animals, even if they wanted to they are move. She says that we have to help them now and she said oh shit which kind of made me smile because she doesn’t have a filter when it comes to something that matters to her.
C. If you are interested in helping in this effort, what can you do?                                                                                         A way you can get involved is something called assisted migration and getting more people informed about   what’s going on because seeds where able to spread themselves but now people need to help too. She also mentions a lot more organization that people can get involved in and says people shouldn’t become arrogant.
E.       Do the “homework” near the end of the video.                                                                                              
What did trees mean to me, are first house when moving to Mayer from phoenix I will always remember my brother climbing this one tree and my mom said you’re going to fall and he never listened but one day he did fall out of the tree but he just keep doing it. I learned never to climb trees because I thought I would get hurt. We used trees as forts and had a tire swing on one that was really fun.                  Importance of Northern Arizona Grasslands
Name five ecological service grassland provide and five threats to grasslands.                             
A.      Ecological: Enrich the soil, Produce oxygen, Purify water, Provide a storehouse of biodiversity and Hold soil in place preventing erosion.                                                       
Threats: Erosion, Fire suppression, inappropriate grazing practices, Invasive (non-native plants) and Roads, building, and subdivisions
B.       Name and describe two things in this video that “speak” to you. By this I mean they touched your emotions in some way. Why do you think you responded in this way?                            
C.       Reading about all the invasive species and how they can pose a serious challenge to land mangers. They can also affect the species that’s living around there because if they affect the food they are eating they will go places to find what they like or they will die because they can’t find it. Another thing that really sucks is the land management are put in hard spots to make decision without knowing what’s go to happen, it has to be hard for them if they make a bad call they will blame themselves for things that have happened. 
D.      Name two groups involved in preservation of grasslands.
Arizona game and fish department and the nature conservancy
E.       If you are interested in helping in this effort, what can you do?                                                     
I think a huge thing is being informed of what’s happening and going out there to make others know.
E.O. Wilson on Biodiversity Hotspots
A. Name ten biodiversity hot spots.                                                                                                                       
Australia, India, Peru, Indonesia, China, Ecuador, Philippines, Malaysia, Brazil, and Madagascar       
B. Write a four sentence biography of E.O. Wilson.                                                                                                                Edward Osborne was born on June 10, 1929 and in Birmingham, Alabama. He received his early  training in    biology at the University of Alabama. After that he received his doctorate in biology at the Harvard University in 1955. Wilson made important discoveries, including the determination that ants communicate primarily through the transmission of chemical substances known as pheromones.        
C. Name and describe two things in this video that “speak” to you. By this I mean they touched your emotions in some way. Why do you think you responded in this way?                                                                                                            It’s amazing to see that there are these hot spots that have a large amount of species and they are in danger. It’s good that they classify these places I really never knew about this but another thing is how much it cost. There is a lot of money being spent elsewhere so there has to money to help these animals being they are huge for are ecosystem.
D. Name two groups involved in preservation of biodiversity hot spots.                                                                               Critical Ecosystem Partnership fund (CEPF) and World Wildlife Fund

Wednesday, April 16, 2014

Part 2: Random Sampling
Random Sampling Data

Actual Data
Grid Segment
(number and letter)
Number of Sunflowers

Total number of Sunflowers
228
(count by hand)
Average number of Sunflowers
(divide total by 10) Per grid
2.28
 E3
 3
 J10
 1
 G5
 3
 H2
 3
 C7
 3
 F4
 3
 D8
 2
 A6
 3
 B9
 3
 I1
 3
Total Number of Sunflowers
 27
Average (divide total by 100)
2.7
Total number of plants in meadow
(multiply average by 100)
 270




Analysis
1.      Compare the total number you got for sunflowers from the SAMPLING to the ACTUAL count.  How close are they? 
My numbers were 42 off from the actual count. It’s not bad but it’s kind of a 50/50 shot.
2.      Why was the paper-slip method used to select the grid segments?

The paper slip method was used to demonstrate what it would be like to pick randomly. It shows that if you pick randomly the average will be about the same.

3.      A lazy ecologist collects data from the same field, but he stops just on the side of the road and just counts the ten segments near the road. These ten segments are located at J, 1-10. When she submits her report, how many sunflowers will she estimate are in the field?
The lazy ecologist would count seven sunflowers in J, 1-10 so she would estimate that there are 70 sunflowers in the field when she submits her report.
4.      Suggest a reason why her estimation differs from your estimation.
The reason her estimations differ because she didn't pick hers randomly, she just wanted to get hers done and didn't seem to care.  
5.      Population sampling is usually more effective when the population has an even dispersion pattern. Clumped dispersion patterns are the least effective.  Explain why this would be the case.
When a population is clumped you can’t use this method to get an accurate number. You would get a high amount of numbers in one area with a low number in the others. You couldn't use this because numbers would be everywhere and it wouldn't be accurate. As opposed to a even dispersal you can take those numbers and it would turn out to be pretty close to the actual number.
6.      Describe how you would use sampling to determine the population of dandelions in your yard.
I would use sampling to determine the population of dandelions in my yard by doing what we did in this exercise, I would section off the yard in a grid pattern. With 100 squared off sections, then count the number of flowers and then determine an average of flowers per square by dividing that number by 10. Use that averages multiply it by 100 to get the total.

7.      In an area that measures five miles by five miles, a sample was taken to count the number of desert willow trees. The number of trees counted in the grid is shown below. The grids where the survey was taken were chosen randomly. Determine how desert willow trees are in this forest using the random sampling technique. Show your calculations.

The area is 5x5 which is 25 squared, you take the five numbers given 11+7+9+5+3 which equals 35. Now taking that number 35 divide it by 5 which gives you 7. Then you will take 7 and multiply it by 25 which equals 175. That gives you 175 willow trees in that forest. 
Part 1: Fearsome Frogs





I never knew this about bullfrogs, I can’t believe this is actually happening. Bullfrogs could actually eat up an entire species is just crazy. Watching how these frogs could eat anything and nothing could really hurt these guys made them seem like they were invincible. It was gross seeing all the things they were eating in the video like way how could they do this and were did it all go. Frogs are supposed to eat just flies or at least that’s what I thought. I still can’t get over they can eat snakes, I am still thinking how can they do that were does the snake go. There is a huge difference in size and it doesn't seem to bother them on the things they eat. As long as they think it’s good to eat they just do it, totally can’t believe it even though you see it happening in the video. Seeing them move in this video was crazy like they can eat things that’s harmful to us but it isn't to them is just crazy. Bullfrogs can even climb just like a human to get to what they want is just crazy so nothing is really safe around these guys. Then seeing someone actually eat one of these was totally gross. You see what they eat and you still eat them gross. What I don’t get is if they eat poisons animals then why aren't they poisons. I just think it would be running through their system so how are people eating these frogs and not getting sick. I think if we want these frogs to not harm other species then people need to get off their butts and find what these guys can’t do and see what they won’t go after. There might be another species out there that might be more harmful and you need to introduce them into this part of land where these frogs live so they stop eating everything. These guys are smart so they might now how to stay alive and only eat something and not kill off a totally species. 

Wednesday, April 9, 2014

A River Reborn

Location and geography

Located in Carmel Valley California is the Carmel River which has two dams San Clemente Dam and Los Padres Dam. Carmel River is a 36mi river on the central coast of California in Monterey County that originates in the Santa Lucia Mountains. The biome location of the Carmel River is the montane chaparral and woodlands. The Carmel River drains a watershed of about 255 square miles.
 
Reason for building dam
The reasons for building the dam were to supply water to the Monterey Peninsula towns. With the population raising the water wells were few and poor.

Reason(s) for dam removal
The dam is now obsolete and at risk of collapsing in an earthquake and its reservoir is so silted up with sand and gravel that it hasn’t been used to supply water since 2002. This will be the biggest dam removal project in the history for California.

 Ecology description paragraph
The river flows through various habitats beyond its bankside riparian zone, starting in mixed evergreen forests, then down through montane chaparral and woodlands to remnant coastal sage and chaparral and coastal prairie, concluding through minor coastal sand dunes at its pacific mouth.

2 special plants

Tule reeds (Schoenoplectus acutus)




Pickle weed Salt grass (Salicornia europeae) 




2 special animals




Steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)


California red legged frog (Rana draytonii)





Current use
Right now the dam isn't being used because of the buildup of the sand and gravel.


Current threats
If there is an earthquake it and the dam breaks it will affect 15 hundred homes, so it protects public safety. It also is affecting the sand replenishment so if it’s no longer then it will increases and it will dune habitat that is found there. A huge threat right now is the steel head trout being killed so if it’s no longer then it helps the recovery of these trout. It is also affecting the life of the red legged frog this will help these frogs if the dam is no more.



A great video must watch



 Cited